In which circumstance might a psychologist ethically engage with a former client?

Engaging with a former client can be ethically complex, and the correct answer is rooted in the importance of protecting the integrity of the therapeutic relationship and ensuring the well-being of the client. After a certain period, specifically two years, it may be permissible for a psychologist to engage with a former client if they can demonstrate that there is no potential for harm or exploitation in re-establishing contact.

This perspective aligns with ethical guidelines that prioritize the safety and welfare of clients, recognizing that the prior power differential and dependency established during therapy can complicate any future interactions. The two-year period serves as a buffer to allow for emotional and psychological distance, which helps ensure that the former client is not unduly influenced by their previous relationship with the psychologist.

Other options suggest either insufficient time has passed or lack objective criteria for assessing the appropriateness of re-engagement. Engaging with a former client too soon, without adequate reflection on potential effects, can still pose risks, indicating why the two-year standard helps protect both parties involved.