Which of the following actions is considered unethical for psychologists regarding fees?

The action of paying for the referral of clients is deemed unethical for psychologists because it undermines the integrity of the therapeutic process. Such practices can create conflicts of interest, where financial incentives may compromise the psychologist's objectivity and professionalism. The principle here revolves around the need for psychologists to prioritize client welfare and maintain the integrity of their professional relationships. Financial arrangements that incentivize referrals can blur boundaries and potentially lead to exploitation, wherein clients may not receive services that are in their best interests, but rather services motivated by monetary gain.

In contrast, offering discounts to specific client groups, charging for consultations prior to therapy, and accepting payment plans are acceptable practices within the ethical guidelines established for psychologists, as they do not inherently compromise professional integrity or client welfare. These actions can be aligned with efforts to make psychological services more accessible and flexible while maintaining the ethical standards of practice.