Who typically owns the physical records of a client, according to ethical guidelines?

The correct answer is that the psychologist typically owns the physical records of a client. Ethical guidelines in psychology indicate that while clients have the right to access their records and the information within them, the physical ownership of those records generally resides with the psychologist or the psychology practice. This means that psychologists are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality and security of the records, as well as determining when and how they can be shared with others.

It is important to note that this guideline is in place to protect sensitive information and ensure that it is handled appropriately. While clients have rights regarding their information, including access and consent for sharing, the professional ownership of the records supports the need for accountability and ethical management of sensitive data.

Additionally, ownership by the clinic or institution can apply in specific settings, such as employed psychologists or in certain organizational structures, but generally, the responsibility lies with the individual psychologist unless otherwise stated in an employment agreement or organizational policy.